NAD+ Supplementation
What is it: Clinically supervised coenzyme protocol that replenishes cellular energy and metabolismAKA: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide- ⬤ Minimal research: Very little scientific study exists, with no or very few peer-reviewed studies. Insufficient data for conclusions.
- ⬤⬤ Limited research: Few studies exist, mostly small trials or case reports. Findings are preliminary and lack strong validation.
- ⬤⬤⬤ Moderately researched: Multiple studies, including mid-sized trials, exist. Some findings are replicated, but more research is needed.
- ⬤⬤⬤⬤ Well-researched: Supported by substantial evidence, including at least one large trial or meta-analysis.
- ⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤ Extensively studied: Numerous large studies and meta-analyses exist. Findings are widely accepted with strong scientific consensus.
- ⬤ Extremely Difficult to Access: Rare, experimental, or highly specialized. Requires multiple referrals, long wait times, travel, and strict follow-up.
- ⬤⬤ Difficult to Access: Limited to select centers with moderate barriers. Requires referral, potential travel, and wait times of weeks to months.
- ⬤⬤⬤ Moderately Accessible: Available in larger hospitals or clinics. Requires a basic referral, with moderate wait times and some coordination.
- ⬤⬤⬤⬤ Easy to Access: Widely available in most clinics. Minimal referral, short wait times, and simple preparation or follow-up.
- ⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤ Trivial to Access: Easily found in pharmacies or clinics. No referral needed, minimal wait, and straightforward access.
- ⬤ Up to $100
- ⬤⬤ Up to $500
- ⬤⬤⬤ Up to $2000
- ⬤⬤⬤⬤ Up to $10,000
- ⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤ More than $10,000
To calculate the reported effectiveness for a patient view, the model first analyses whether it can be ascertained that the person writing the review has had direct experience of the treatment for themselves or a loved one. If so, it then uses sentiment analysis to rate their view from 1-5 on how effective this treatment was for them, with 1 being the least effective, and 5 the most effective.
7 Research papers
Referenced in this guide
34 Patient views
Contributed in this guide
Figure out what NAD+ Supplementation means for you
Page contents
Basics: What you need to know
Formalized NAD+ supplementation for Long Covid addresses the persistent symptoms individuals may experience post-infection by precisely restoring cellular NAD+ levels. By focusing on a clinically standardized regimen, this approach aims to support mitochondrial function, regulate metabolic pathways, and alleviate fatigue, which are common concerns in Long Covid.
History and development
- Early coenzyme research: The pioneering discovery of NAD+ in the early 1900s sparked interest in how this molecule fuels energy production in cells.
- Vitamin B3 links: Researchers later identified vitamin B3 (niacin), including nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), as precursors for NAD+, leading to new supplementation concepts.
- Evolving clinic protocols: While initial NAD+ therapies were used in settings like addiction recovery, more formalized and carefully dosed protocols evolved in response to clinical insights about mitochondrial dysfunction, paving the way for targeted Long Covid interventions.
- Modern standardized treatments: Current protocols emphasize purity, precise dosing, and the integration of NAD+ administration within broader, physician-supervised programs for improved consistency and efficacy.
What is known
- Mitochondrial support: NAD+ is vital for cellular energy, helping mitochondria produce ATP more efficiently and potentially alleviating fatigue.
- Cellular repair mechanisms: NAD+ participates in DNA repair and cell protection, possibly mitigating some effects of systemic inflammation seen in Long Covid.
- Controlled dosing benefits: Under medical supervision, standardized NAD+ protocols can boost cellular metabolism, potentially reducing brain fog and other lingering symptoms.
- Secondary biochemical perks: Some individuals have reported improved cognitive clarity, stress resilience, and sleep patterns, suggesting broader physiological benefits.
What is not known
- Exact efficacy in Long Covid: While anecdotal reports are promising, large-scale clinical trials confirming outcomes and optimal dosing strategies remain limited.
- Individual response variations: Differences in genetics, symptom profiles, and existing health conditions can impact how effectively NAD+ supplementation works.
- Long-term safety: Although short-term use appears well tolerated, possible cumulative effects over months or years still call for more targeted research.
- Role of cofactors: The interplay of NAD+ with other supplements, medications, or lifestyle factors is not fully understood, and outcomes may vary significantly.
- Boosts coenzyme levels: Provides a direct or precursor supply of NAD+ to aid essential cellular processes.
- Supports ATP production: Helps mitochondria generate energy more efficiently, reducing fatigue-related symptoms.
- Aids cellular defense: Participates in DNA repair, reducing cellular stress and potential damage.
- Regulates immune function: May balance immune responses that contribute to residual inflammatory issues.
- Maintains metabolic pathways: Promotes overall metabolic stability, supporting enhanced recovery.
- Possible nausea: Mild gastrointestinal discomfort may occur with higher doses.
- Headache or flushing: Some individuals report headaches or warmth.
- Allergic responses: Rarely, hypersensitivity reactions have been noted.
- Fatigue spikes: In some cases, patients experience transient energy fluctuations.
- Interaction uncertainties: Potential interactions with other supplements or medications are not fully understood.
- Limited large studies: Some argue that insufficient clinical trials lead to uncertain outcomes.
- Placebo concerns: Critics question if improvements might be partly psychological without double-blind data.
- Cost and access issues: Formal protocols can be expensive and are not widely available.
- Regulatory differences: Global standards vary, affecting consistency and public trust.
Patient views
Experiences
- Patients report increased energy and reduced brain fog.
- Some experienced improved stamina and ability to exercise.
- Many find it helpful for managing post-exertional malaise (PEM).
- Relatively inexpensive compared to other treatments.
Challenges
- Some patients experienced no noticeable improvement.
- Allergic reactions reported by a few individuals.
- Effects can wear off quickly for some patients.
- High cost of certain NAD+ forms like injections.
Tips
- Start with a lower dose to monitor side effects.
- Combine NAD+ with other supplements for better results.
- Research bioavailable forms for maximum effectiveness.
- Consult a doctor before starting NAD+ supplementation.
To calculate the reported effectiveness for a patient view, the model first analyses whether it can be ascertained that the person writing the review has had direct experience of the treatment for themselves or a loved one. If so, it then uses sentiment analysis to rate their view from 1-5 on how effective this treatment was for them, with 1 being the least effective, and 5 the most effective.
Patient view
I take a liposomal NAD+ supplement daily. Took me from 40-80% within a month
October 2024 • /r/covidlonghaulers
Patient view
Hi, I've been successful with using just plan old nicotinamide 500mg 4xday with NT factor 2xday. I really needed the higher dose to generate the NAD+ to make NADH.
July +45979 • Phoenix Rising Forum
What and who it targets
Patients with oxidative stress
Oxidative damage exacerbates symptoms.
Cognitive dysfunction patients
Brain fog and memory issues.
Severe fatigue sufferers
Fatigue linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Older adults with Long Covid
Age-related NAD+ decline worsens symptoms.
Relevant research
How much evidence on this?
- Multiple studies explore NAD+ for fatigue and chronic conditions.
- Research spans over a decade, starting from 2014.
- Pilot studies and reviews suggest potential benefits for fatigue.
- Limited large-scale trials specifically for Long Covid.
Research focusing on
- NAD+ may improve fatigue and quality of life.
- Mild side effects like skin irritation reported.
- Often combined with other treatments like LDN.
- Researchers exploring NAD+ for mitochondrial dysfunction.
What needs more research?
- Long-term effects of NAD+ supplementation unclear.
- Optimal dosage and delivery methods not established.
- Specific benefits for Long Covid need more trials.
- Mechanisms of action in fatigue reduction not fully understood.
- ⬤ Minimal research: Very little scientific study exists, with no or very few peer-reviewed studies. Insufficient data for conclusions.
- ⬤⬤ Limited research: Few studies exist, mostly small trials or case reports. Findings are preliminary and lack strong validation.
- ⬤⬤⬤ Moderately researched: Multiple studies, including mid-sized trials, exist. Some findings are replicated, but more research is needed.
- ⬤⬤⬤⬤ Well-researched: Supported by substantial evidence, including at least one large trial or meta-analysis.
- ⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤ Extensively studied: Numerous large studies and meta-analyses exist. Findings are widely accepted with strong scientific consensus.
Research
This pilot study explored whether combining low-dose naltrexone (LDN) and NAD+ supplementation could help improve fatigue symptoms and quality of life in 36 patients who experienced moderate to severe fatigue after recovering from COVID-19. The NAD+ was delivered using iontophoresis patches, and the study measured changes in fatigue and quality of life over 12 weeks.
The study found significant improvements in quality of life, as measured by the SF-36 survey, and reductions in fatigue, as measured by the Chalder fatigue scale, after 12 weeks of treatment. About 52% of participants responded positively to the treatment, and the side effects were mild, including manageable skin irritation from the patches and mild adverse events from LDN.
For individuals dealing with long COVID-related fatigue, this study suggests that a combination of LDN and NAD+ supplementation might offer relief and improve daily functioning. However, it also highlights that not all patients may respond to this treatment, and further research is needed to identify who might benefit most.
As a pilot study, the findings are preliminary and based on a small sample size of 36 participants. While the results are promising, larger and more rigorous randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of this treatment.
February 2024 • Brain, behavior, & immunity - health
Research
This paper reviewed 60 studies to understand how various nutrients, including NAD+, impact fatigue symptoms in both healthy individuals and those with chronic illnesses. The studies included examined the effects of oral and injectable nutrient therapies on physical and mental fatigue.
The review found that 50 out of the 60 studies reported significant improvements in fatigue symptoms with nutrient supplementation, including NAD+. These benefits were observed across different populations, including those with chronic illnesses like fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.
For someone with Long Covid, this paper suggests that NAD+ supplementation could be a promising option to help reduce fatigue, a common and debilitating symptom. It highlights the potential of nutrient therapies as part of a broader treatment plan for managing fatigue.
This paper is a systematic review published in the reputable journal 'Nutrients,' which specializes in research on nutrition and health. Systematic reviews are considered high-quality evidence as they synthesize findings from multiple studies, though the reliability depends on the quality of the included studies.
July 2023 • Nutrients
Accessibility
- ⬤ Extremely Difficult to Access: Rare, experimental, or highly specialized. Requires multiple referrals, long wait times, travel, and strict follow-up.
- ⬤⬤ Difficult to Access: Limited to select centers with moderate barriers. Requires referral, potential travel, and wait times of weeks to months.
- ⬤⬤⬤ Moderately Accessible: Available in larger hospitals or clinics. Requires a basic referral, with moderate wait times and some coordination.
- ⬤⬤⬤⬤ Easy to Access: Widely available in most clinics. Minimal referral, short wait times, and simple preparation or follow-up.
- ⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤ Trivial to Access: Easily found in pharmacies or clinics. No referral needed, minimal wait, and straightforward access.
- ⬤ Up to $100
- ⬤⬤ Up to $500
- ⬤⬤⬤ Up to $2000
- ⬤⬤⬤⬤ Up to $10,000
- ⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤ More than $10,000
Method to access
- Oral NAD+ supplements can be purchased online or in retail stores.
- Injectable NAD+ therapy is available at specialized clinics and requires a prescription.
- At-home NAD+ injection kits are available for purchase online, with virtual consultations offered by some providers.
Cost
- Oral NAD+ supplements: $20–$150 per bottle.
- Injectable NAD+ therapy: $500–$2,000 per session.
- At-home NAD+ injection kits: $249–$395 for monthly supplies.
Insurance cover
- NAD+ therapy is generally not covered by insurance as it is considered an alternative treatment.
- Some providers may offer payment plans or financing options.
Locations
- Nepenthe Wellness Center: Offers NAD+ therapy sessions.
- Kaplan Center for Integrative Medicine: Provides NAD+ IV infusion therapy.
- Concierge MD: Offers at-home NAD+ injection kits with virtual consultations.
- HUM2N: Provides NAD+ home kits for self-administration.
- NADclinic: Specialized long COVID NAD+ IV programs.
Frequently asked questions
Explore other treatments
It's a lot of information, isn't it?
Turnto's personal AI Assistant can help you figure out what this all means for you
© 2026 Turnto
